Peruvian market Essay Example for Free

Peruvian market Essay My final paper will focus in the Peruvian generic medicine market. The Peruvian market is dominated by the leading laboratories who set the prices and control the brands. Peruvian customers are used to follow doctors prescriptions strictly and believe that the use of generics is dangerous. This situation allows the laboratories to capture the market and set the prices (Peruvian medicines are more expensive than in the USA). The Peruvian health agency; Ministerio de salud signed a cooperation agreement with national association of pharmacies for them to distribute 83 of the most used generic medicines along with the brand medicines. They never kept up the agreement, and the pharmacies refuse to sell generic medicines. The generic drug industry covers the marketing and sale of medication containing the same active ingredients and dosages as brand-name drugs manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry. Drugs can be prescribed under their chemical name without specifying a particular pharmaceutical brand or company. A key benefit of generic drugs is that they usually cost a fraction of the price of brand-name drugs. In this context, our company (consulting) is planning to open a franchise of pharmacies that will exclusively provide generic medicines to the customers. We have two investors that have different approaches for the business. Final paper will analyze the legal environment in Peru and all aspects of liabilities, torts, ethics and legal implications of opening a parent company that will manage the franchise. Our company is based in the United States and will import products from the US. Therefore, is subject to lawsuits and liability in both the USA and Peru. Peru has a current free trade agreement with the United States. This agreement considers anti-trust laws and monopoly, international contracts, and patent protection among others. The paper will cover the main subjects such as; International law, contracts, anti-trust law, securities regulations, employment law, environmental law, crimes, and torts.

Thomas Jefferson: A Man of Two Faces Essay -- American America Histor

Thomas Jefferson: A Man of Two Faces THESIS: Thomas Jefferson was a wealthy plantation owner and politician that would speak out about slavery on a regular basis but would still employ slaves for his own use. "We are told by his biographers, and apologists, that he hated slavery with a passion. But since he participated fully in the plantation slavery system, buying and selling slaves on occasion, and because he could not bring himself to free his own slaves, who often numbered upward of 200-250 on his plantations, one has to either question the verity of this passion or speculate that it was merely the abstract idea of slavery that he hated." (Smedley 189) Thomas Jefferson was always aware of the fact that slavery would soon one day be abolished but he made no efforts during his lifetime to accelerate the process. Jefferson was a wealthy plantation owner and politician that would speak out about slavery on a regular basis but would still employ slaves for his own use. Thomas Jefferson was a plantation owner, politician, and verbal defender of slaves who would continuou...

Persuasive essay on buying a car over leasing a car

It can well be stated that it is always better to opt for a long termed vision rather than an instant and short termed goal. This true for all the great personalities all over the world and it is also true for all the multinational corporate houses operating on a large scale over multiple continents. The same is true for any and every successful individuals in the globe. (Lamb, 2004) Thus it can well be mentioned that when it comes to the general mass and more particularly an individual things cannot be different in any manner.As a result it is always recommended that one should always go for buying a new car rather than leasing it. In ancient oriental religious texts it is often stated that â€Å"Mahamati Mahajan, je pothe koren gomon, se poth prataswaraniya†. This means â€Å"Trustworthy are the routes that have been taken by eminent saints†. This is because â€Å"Mahamati Mahajan, dristi anata, bakya bhobe duradristisampanna† or â€Å"they are the people in t his world who act on the determination of tomorrow†.(Cunningham, 1978) Thus it can well be seen from these scriptures that it is always recommended to have a long termed goal rather than living for the day. In more practical context it can be stated that if one is about to buy a car then the person is better positioned than a person who is in habit of leasing it. The simple reason behind this is plan arithmetic. Suppose a person needs a car for a day every week. He rents it from the local rental services.This way he pays about $50 a day a week for four days in four weeks and the total amount comes to $200. Now consider this. If one is willing to pay $200 per month to the rental service would not it be much better to pay it as an installment or EMI to a car dealer? Furthermore, under such circumstances the person is due to own the car in a year or two spending the same amount of money as he was spending at a rental service. (King, 2006) It is clear from this illustration that t he person opting for buying a car is the absolute gainer.It can be stated in the same context that in this era of market economy driven livelihood it is essential to be at par with the current trends of buying rather than wasting valuable amount of money for something where the utility of the value is always reducing. Thus it is better to remove all sorts short sight ness and opt for long termed programs and take a page from all the successful people and corporate all over the world. In conclusion it should be mentioned that if one is not able to decide for oneself it is much better to follow examples and analyze simple notions of arithmetic.This is the right approach not only about cars or gadgets but it is also applicable for life as a whole. One should be calculative and analytical and one should always go for buying when it comes to cars rather than leasing or renting it. References Cunningham, R; (1978); Selected Verses from Matsya Purana; National Book Trust King, H; (2006); M anagement principals: Leadership Today; HBT & Brooks Ltd Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust

Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles

Essay Title:Introductory to organisational behaviour principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) can be found anywhere nowadays. Experts and professionals in this area have done a lot of research, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and views on how a person will behave in an organisation. This paper argues that there are other resources to help us understand OB better. This paper will firstly define what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our main textbook, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’ written by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travaglione. It will then analyse the relevance and usefulness of information to people working in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB actually mean? Robbins and Judge (2007, P. ) defined that ‘OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organisation’s effectiveness. ’ While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points out that ‘OB is the study of how people behave in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure human resources to achieve goals. ’ Comparing these two long definitions on OB, I would rather go along with the statement by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. It’s so much easier to grasp and understand the gist of OB especially to students like me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is only putting their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a lot of views on one issue, it can be either the same or different, there’s no right or wrong either, it’s just a matter of how we perceive things. Thus we need to look into other resources to tap into other peoples’ views and concepts to learn more about OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to understand, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will benefit the individual and the organisation. However, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly different kind of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and ultimately to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2). The latter statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employee’s performance, communication and decisions making ability by sending their employees for courses like team building. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identified and explained the five anchors on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, systematic research anchor, contingency anchor, multiple levels of analysis anchor and lastly the open systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book. These clearly explained concepts would help students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and Judge (2007) only talks about the contributions to OB field from four behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione talks more than that, they even listed and discussed how emerging disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to form research questions, and apply test hypotheses against collected data. Mcshane and Travaglione also suggest that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. It’s a qualitative method whereby concepts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For example, the Department for transport in the United Kingdom did a project to find out what factors affect the choice of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003). Maybe the Land Transport Authority in Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing number of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that ‘no single solution is best in all circumstances. ’ What works in one situation may not be successful in a different situation (12Manage, 2008). This is a view shared by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situation a different kind of respond is required. An example can be money; money can be a motivator for some people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the person’s financial needs and status (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and managers in organisations learn to understand factors of different situations in order to respond more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). Similarly to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are three levels of analysis on OB, the micro which studies the individual, middle level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations. However, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an image of importance on this classification will help students to understand topics area of concern later in the book. Now let’s look at the last anchor, the open system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points out that organisations are open systems that will receive input of information and resources from the environment and in turn transform them into goods or service before returning them back into the environment. Organisations are always restructuring and strategising to survive in the corporate world (Taplin 2005). This information will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to strengthen their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of reading and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and due to the ever changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people. By using the five anchors we will be able to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some information may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. Total word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, ‘open systems’, Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organizational Behavior, viewed 2 August 2008, < http://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. sim. edu. sg/ehost/detail? id=4&hid=120&sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lmh&AN=20986772> Department for Transport 2003, ‘Psychological Factors Affecting Transport Mode Choice’, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. & Travaglione, T. 2007, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. & Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, ‘Organizational Behavior, The person-or ganization fit’, Prentice –Hall Inc, New Jersey. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. 2007, ‘Organizational Behavior’, 12th edn, Pearson education Inc, USA. Taplin, I. M. 2005, ‘Strategic change and organisational restructuring: How managers negotiate change initiatives’, Journal of international management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. & Rizzo, J. R. 2000, ‘Managing Organizational Behavior’, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, ‘Money, Money, Money’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231–243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, ‘Contingency Theory’, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008,

Lightness vs. Weight essays

Lightness vs. Weight essays Mila Kunderas novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being has a reoccurring paradox thread throughout his whole book, lightness versus weight. If we only have one opportunity at life, is it worth weighing our different paths against one another? If it isnt, then we live in a state of lightness. There are many characteristics to being light or having weight in your life. Lightness is characterized as not having any formal attachment to the meaning of your life; you live in the moment. People who are light tend to be more free-spirited and easy-going. People who carry the weight have more emotions, and attach more meaning to things in their life. People who carry weight are also more likely to join political parties, than someone who doesnt care someone who is light. When you carry the weight, you have more attachment to things and you invest your feelings, in turn you open yourself up to be hurt. Is lightness better and weight a burden, or does meaning only come from weight? To better understand what lightness and weight means, we look to Tomas and Tereza, introduced in the first chapter. Tomas enjoys the lightness and freedom in his life. Estranged from his family and divorced, Tomas has no attachments to anyone. Before he met Tereza, Tomas was a womanizer and never let the woman spend the night. Despite the fact that Tomas comes across as extremely selfish, but he is very compassionate and sympathetic. These feelings are an example of the influence of weight has on him, and lead to Tereza entering his life. Eventually, Tereza ends up representing the weight in Tomass life. She is characterized as being weight, she is very passionate about her interests, and shes very emotional. The heavy objects that surround Tereza represent this. For example, when Tereza moves in, Tomas accepts the burden of carrying her heavy suitcase, and the weight of her love. Tereza has always don ...

140 Characters Twitter Fiction and the Art of Concise Writing

140 Characters Twitter Fiction and the Art of Concise Writing Plenty of people want to become writers, but feel that they simply don’t have the time to commit to writing even a short story. With all the interruptions of the digital age (to say nothing of family and work obligations), finding time to write really can be a challenge. It’s so easy to get frustrated with your writing when you’re just starting out; so hard to not be discouraged These days, there are plenty of ways an aspiring writer can hone their craft and add publication credits to their resume at the same time. And one of the very best ways is to write Twitter-sized tales. These short stories are 140 characters or less (including spaces), and pack a surprising emotional punch. Despite the limitations of the form, skilled Twitter fiction writers are able to make readers laugh, cry, or shiver as they build worlds and introduce characters. Twitter is home to several communities of avid writers and readers, and they are passionate about promoting great 140-character stories. There’s no hard and fast rule about what makes a great Twitter tale. Some stories focus on just a moment’s worth of action, while others span thousands of years in just two sentences. Many are humorous, but plenty more are heart-breaking. The form forces you to choose words precisely, and to cut out any extraneous information. More often than not, the title of the work gives the reader enough framing to understand the events in your story. So, what do you do after you’ve completed your little tale? The most obvious thing to do is post it on your own Twitter account, to share with your own followers. If you can spare the space, adding hashtags to your story will enable other Twitter fiction fans to find it more easily. Hashtags to consider include #vss (which stands for â€Å"very short story†), #nanofiction, or #fiction. Another hashtag is #lqw, which designates that the story contains the word of the day as designated There are also dozens of Twitter accounts for websites that publish only 140-character stories. Some of the most notable are @OneFortyFiction, @seedpodpub, @sixwordstories, @twitterfiction, @7Ãâ€"20, and @trapezemag, all of which are unpaid markets. @Nanoism is a paying Twitter fiction market, which publishes three times a week and pays between $1.50 and $1 for stories: not bad, given the brevity of the form. Serialized Twitter fiction is paid out at a higher rate. @thaumatrope and @tweetthemeat also pay to publish other people’s Twitter stories, though both markets are currently on hiatus. In short: keep on writing, and keep your eyes peeled for opportunities to grow your fan base. Depending on where you choose to publish your stories, your work may be exposed to thousands of people. In addition, there are often contests being held on Twitter But beyond the accolades and the prizes, the best thing about writing Twitter fiction is how it can improve your writing. With practice, this shortest of short story forms can help even the most verbose of writers to develop a clear, clean, and concise style. And that’s a skill that will benefit any writer as they begin work on longer projects.

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research - Essay Example In this paper, I use the characteristics of my five favorite journals to determine how suitable and relevant they are to my nursing profession. My five most favorite journals are The Australian nursing journal, Nephrology nursing journal, Association of operating room nurses AORN journal, American journal of public health, and British medical journal (International edition). All these journals contain information derived from the most current research. They all have several articles that cover a variety of topics. Different publisher has published the journals so in my selection I was not publisher bias. Moreover, they have different editor, which compares with their varying content. Most of these journals have nursing professions as their target audience. However, there are those whose target audience is the medical profession in general. As clearly understood, nursing profession is a medical profession and hence if a journal has medical profession as its target audience then it tar gets the nurses. According to Oermann & Hays (2010), the target audience of a journal can show whether the journal is relevant to a certain profession. Thus using this concept, I can say with confidence that these journals are very important in my training as a nursing student and in my profession as a practicing nurse. Another thing that shows the relevance in these journals as far as nursing profession is concerned is the type of articles they contain. Most of them contain knowledge about evidence based nursing practices and finding of various research undertaken on the medical care field. Nursing profession requires knowledge on evidence based practice and a lot of research for one to be proficient (Webb, 2011). Since all these journals provide this knowledge, they would be very relevant to my profession as a practicing nurse. The Relevance of My Journals To My Future Job   I have read several article in these journal and the knowledge I obtain from them have been very substant ial in my training as a nurse. From these journals, I managed to obtain knowledge on the most recent research undertaken on the health care field one of them being a research taken on Transitioning from peritoneal dialysis to renal transplant that found on the Nephrology nursing journal. From my reading of the journal, I have also come across various articles with very good information and health care. Since the nursing profession is based, on health care, such articles will be very relevant to this profession and thus I expect them to be very important to me as a nurse. According to Webb (2011), the role that research plays in nursing profession cannot be under-estimated. It is known that for a person to be proficient in this profession he should be undertaking research as frequently as possible. These journals contain information about most recent research undertaken by other nursing and medical profession as well as health care practice information. This can be very important to a nursing profession in his process of undertaking research. Since it will be my objective to become as much proficient as possible in nursing, I will be undertaking frequent research and hence these journals will be very relevant to my profession. The Journal I Would Choose and Why All these journals will be very relevant to my profession as a practicing nurse due to the content of the articles they contain. However, the degree of relevance to my profession differs from one journal to the other. This is indicated